The Full List To
Roman Landmarks
Aqua Appia Aqueduct
312 BC
The Aqua Appia, constructed in 312 BC, holds the distinction of being the first Roman aqueduct. It was built by the co-censors Gaius Plautius Venox and Appius Claudius Caecus, who was also responsible for the construction of the renowned Via Appia. While Venox chose the source of the aqueduct, it was named after Appius as his term as censor was ending, and he cleverly maneuvered to continue his position to complete both the Via Appia and the Aqua Appia. This aqueduct supplied Rome with approximately 73,000 m3 of water daily.ick on "Edit Text" or double click on the text box to start editing the content and make sure to add any relevant details or information that you want to share with your visitors.
NOTE : The terms AD and BC are commonly used to refer to the years before and after the birth of Jesus Christ. AD stands for Anno Domini, which is Latin for “in the year of the Lord” and refers to the years after the birth of Jesus Christ. BC stands for Before Christ and refers to the years before the birth of Jesus Christ
Aqua Appia Aqueduct
38 - 52 AD
Aqua Claudia, also known as "the Claudian water," was an ancient Roman aqueduct. Its construction was initiated by Emperor Caligula in 38 AD and completed by Emperor Claudius in 52 AD. As the eighth aqueduct to provide water to Rome, it is considered one of the four major aqueducts of the city, alongside Aqua Anio Novus, Aqua Anio Vetus, and Aqua Marcia.
Pont Du Gard Aqueduct
France 40-50 AD
The Pont du Gard is a Roman aqueduct bridge constructed in the 1st century CE. It stands out for its impressive size, towering at 49 meters and claiming the title of the tallest Roman aqueduct bridge worldwide. The structure consists of three tiers of arches stacked on top of each other, a remarkable feat for its time. It is highly regarded for its exceptional state of preservation and is considered a masterpiece of human ingenuity. Notably, it is the sole remaining example of an ancient three-tier bridge. Built by a workforce of nearly a thousand individuals, this monumental project was completed in just five years.
Cloaca Maxima
33-300 AD
The Cloaca Maxima is a lengthy canal and the main sewage collector of ancient Rome. It serves three purposes:
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collecting rainwater
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disposing of wastewater
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draining the swamps that once occupied the lowland area between the Quirinal, Esquiline, and the Tiber River
in the early days of Rome. It is the oldest drainage system still in use today, as the ancient conduits continue to carry rainwater and debris from the Roman Forum, Velabrum, and the Forum Boarium.
Temple Of Diana
Nimes, France 33-300 AD
The Temple of Diana is an ancient Roman structure located in Nîmes, Gard, built during the 1st century under Augustus. Originally believed to be a temple dedicated to Diana, there is no evidence supporting this claim. Its floor plan resembles that of a basilica, suggesting it may have served as a library instead.
The building's facade was reconstructed in the 2nd century, and it later housed a monastery during the medieval era, ensuring its preservation.
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Excavations took place in 1745 while creating the La Fontaine garden. The temple was depicted in paintings by artists such as Hubert Robert during the 18th century and was designated as a historical monument in 1840. Today, it can be visited from the Jardins de la Fontaine.
The Forum Of Pompeii
The Forum of Pompeii was built in the 1st century BCE. The exact date of its construction is uncertain, but it is believed to have been developed around 80 BCE.
The Civil Forum Of Pompeii, the heart of city life, housed public buildings for administration, justice, business, trade, and worship. Originally a simple open area, it was later transformed with regular shape, porticoes, and tuff paving. The Temple of Jupiter aligned with Mount Vesuvius became the central focus. In the Imperial age, travertine slabs were used for repaving, some of which were relocated, and a large inscription was present. Excavations began in 1813 after previous exploration and removal of decorations.
Romanum Forum
8th century BC – AD 608
The Roman Forum, also called Forum Romanum, is a rectangular plaza in Rome encompassing the remains of significant ancient government structures. Initially a marketplace, it served as the central hub of the city. Referred to by the citizens as the Forum Magnum or simply the Forum, it holds great historical and architectural importance.
Trajan's Forum
105-112 AD
Trajan's Forum, the final Imperial Forum in ancient Rome. The building process started around 105-107, and according to the Fasti Ostienses, the Forum was Established in 112. Additionally, Trajan's Column was erected and inaugurated in 113.
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designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, was the largest and most symmetrical Forum. It featured a monumental entrance, a court surrounded by double colonnades and semicircular elements, the Basilica Ulpia, Trajan’s Column, and library buildings.
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Source : World Of History OF Architecture + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan%27s_Forum
Trajan's Column
113 AD
Trajan's Column, situated in Rome, Italy, is a triumphal column built to commemorate Emperor Trajan's triumph in the Dacian Wars. It was likely constructed under the guidance of architect Apollodorus of Damascus, commissioned by the Roman Senate. Positioned in Trajan's Forum, north of the Roman Forum, the freestanding column was completed in AD 113. Its renowned feature is the spiral bas-relief, depicting the conflicts between the Romans and Dacians from 101-102 and 105-106. The column's design has served as inspiration for various victory columns, both ancient and modern.
Arch of septimus Severus
203 AD
The Arch of Septimius Severus, located at the northwestern end of the Roman Forum, is a triumphal arch constructed with white marble. It was dedicated in 203 AD to commemorate Emperor Septimius Severus and his sons, Caracalla and Geta, for their victories against the Parthians in campaigns spanning 194-195 AD and 197-199 AD.
Arch of Constantine
315 AD
The Arch of Constantine in Rome, dedicated to Emperor Constantine the Great, was commissioned by the Roman Senate to commemorate his victory over Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in AD 312. Positioned between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill,
dedicated in 315, is the largest of its kind in ancient Rome. It stands at a height of 21 m (69 ft), width of 25.9 m (85 ft), and depth of 7.4 m (24 ft). With three bays, the central one measures 11.5 m (38 ft) in height and 6.5 m (21 ft) in width, while the side bays are 7.4 m (24 ft) by 3.4 m (11 ft) each. Constructed with brick-faced concrete covered in marble, it showcases remarkable craftsmanship.
The Pantheon
Constructed in 27 BC
Rebuilt between 118-125 AD
The Pantheon in Rome is a well-preserved ancient monument that showcases remarkable reuse as a Christian building. Originally dedicated to the gods, particularly Mars and Venus, it was constructed in 27 BC by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the son-in-law of Emperor Augustus. After a fire in around 80 AD, the Pantheon was rebuilt between 118 and 125 AD by Emperor Hadrian. The highlight of the reconstruction was the impressive coffered dome, reaching a height of 43 meters and featuring an oculus.
The Temple Of Venus
Constructed 121-141 AD
The Temple of Venus, believed to be the largest temple in Ancient Rome, was situated on the Velian Hill between the eastern edge of the Forum Romanum and the Colosseum. It was dedicated to the goddesses Venus Felix and Roma Aeterna. The temple was commissioned by Emperor Hadrian, with construction commencing in 121. Hadrian Launched it in 135, and it was completed in 141 under Emperor Antoninus Pius. Although damaged by fire in 307, the temple underwent restoration and modifications by Emperor Maxentius. And it got damaged after an earthquake in the 9th century
The Capitoline hill, The Temple Of Jupiter
1st century CE
The Capitoline Hill, also known as the Capitolium, is an ancient site in Rome that held great religious and political significance. According to historical records, the construction of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, located on the Capitoline Hill, began in 509 BCE after the establishment of the Roman Republic. It was rebuilt multiple times over the centuries due to various destructions and renovations. The final rebuilding took place during the reign of Emperor Domitian in the late 1st century CE.
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Source: "The Capitoline Museums" by Mario Torelli (translated by James Emmons), published by Electa (2001)
The Temple Of Mars Ultor
2BCE - 2CE
The Temple of Mars Ultor, situated in the Forum of Augustus in Rome, was built to honor the god Mars Ultor (Mars the Avenger). Emperor Augustus initiated the construction of the temple to commemorate his victory over Julius Caesar's assassins. The temple's construction began in 2 BCE and was completed in 2 CE. It stood as a symbol of Augustus's military triumphs and served as a place of worship and reverence. The architectural significance and historical context of the Temple of Mars Ultor make it a notable monument of the Roman Empire.
Source: "Temple of Mars Ultor" - Ancient History Encyclopedia
(Website: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/617/temple-of-mars-ultor-rome/
Maison carrée Temple
Nimes,France 2 AD
The Maison Carrée, an ancient Roman temple located in Nîmes, southern France, is a remarkable testament to the architectural legacy of the Roman Empire. Renowned for its remarkable preservation, it stands as one of the best-preserved Roman temples within the former territories of the Roman Empire. This iconic temple has also served as an inspiration for notable structures such as the neoclassical Église de la Madeleine in Paris, the St. Marcellinus Church in Rogalin, Poland, and even the Virginia State Capitol in the United States. Thomas Jefferson, who had a stucco model of the Maison Carrée made during his time as the minister to France in 1785, drew inspiration from this magnificent temple while designing the Virginia State Capitol.
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The Temple Of Vesta
6-10 AD
The Temple of Vesta, located in Rome's Roman Forum near the Regia and House of the Vestal Virgins, is an ancient circular edifice. It housed Vesta's sacred fire, symbolizing the safety and prosperity of Rome. The temple, combining elements of Greek and early Roman architecture, featured Corinthian columns and a central cella containing the sacred hearth. The surviving structure includes a podium with twenty columns and likely had a vent in the roof for smoke release.
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The Basilica of Pompeii
120-130 BC
The Basilica was an impressive and spacious building in the Forum used for business and justice administration. It had five entrances, a divided interior with brick columns, and a decorative suggestum for judges. The walls were adorned with stucco resembling marble, and there was an equestrian statue. Dating back to 130-120 BC, it is one of the oldest Roman basilicas. Excavations of the Basilica started in the 19th century, in 1806, 1813, 1820, 1928, 1942, and 1950.
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Basilica Nova
320 CE
The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, also known as the Basilica Nova, is an ancient structure in the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. It was the largest building in the Forum and the final basilica constructed in the city.
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Baths Of Diocletian
298 - 306 AD
The Baths of Diocletian, built from AD 298 to 306, were the largest public baths in ancient Rome. Named after Emperor Diocletian, they were initially commissioned by Maximian and continued under Constantius. They remained open until around 537 when the aqueducts to Rome were cut off by the Ostrogoths. Today, the site includes the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, the Church of San Bernardo alle Terme, and part of the National Roman Museum.
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Theatre of Marcellus
13 BC
The Theatre of Marcellus is an ancient open-air theater in Rome, Italy. It was built during the closing years of the Roman Republic and provided a venue for drama and song performances. Today, it remains a popular tourist site in Rome. The theater, constructed in 13 BC, was the largest and most significant in Ancient Rome, capable of accommodating between 11,000 and 20,000 spectators. It was built using tuff and concrete faced with stones, featuring engaged columns in Greek orders.
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The Colosseum
72-80 AD
The Colosseum is an elliptical amphitheater located in the center of Rome, Italy, near the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphitheater ever built and remains the largest standing amphitheater in the world. Construction began under Emperor Vespasian in 72 AD and was completed under his successor, Titus, in 80 AD. The building is made of travertine limestone, tuff, and brick-faced concrete. It had a capacity of 50,000 to 80,000 spectators and was used for gladiatorial contests, animal hunts, executions, and re-enactments of battles. Over time, the Colosseum fell into disuse and was repurposed for various functions. Despite being damaged by earthquakes and stone theft, it is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and a popular tourist attraction. The Colosseum is associated with the Roman Catholic Church and is depicted on the Italian five-cent euro coin.
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Hadrian's Villa
72-80 AD
Hadrian's Villa, located near Tivoli outside Rome, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an impressive Roman villa complex. Built around AD 120 by Emperor Hadrian, it consists of over 30 monumental buildings arranged on artificial esplanades at different levels. The complex covers an area larger than the city of Pompeii and includes gardens with water basins and fountains. The buildings are renowned for their architectural brilliance, featuring striking curved shapes made possible by extensive use of concrete.
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